Bên cạnh PHƯƠNG PHÁP HỌC IELTS WRITING HIỆU QUẢ, IELTS TUTOR cung cấp thêm Bài tập dạng Multiple Choice IELTS Listening

00:00

Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.

00:06

Welcome to our holiday special. Today I'll be talking about a new cycle route in this area called the Amsden Way. It's well signposted so you can see exactly where to go. And it's an easy route with no steep hills. It's 35 kilometers long from Amsden to Lowington and consists partly of cycle paths and partly roads.

00:32

Let me outline the route briefly starting at Amsden Railway Station. The first part is a cycle path running eastwards roughly parallel to the rail track. Almost immediately, the railway curves away and goes around the southern side of a little lake. But the cycle path takes the northern route around the lake. Keep your eyes open for the swans that nest there.

00:57

The path then joins the road and the next landmark is a group of massive rocks which tower over the countryside. You will see them to the east of the road just before the road goes under the railway. They are very impressive.

01:14

Soon, you'll come to a fork in the road where you're going to leave the road and head off toward the river. But if you want to make a detour to Colleen Nature Reserve, go straight on instead of leaving the road here.

01:29

Continuing along the cycle path, you'll reach the River Cleve. The cycle path follows the river southwards. After a bit, you'll see the Ashington China Factory, which closed in 1962. When you get there, there's a bridge over the river and you carry on with Langton Forest to the south and Farmland to the north. The route ends at Langton Village, where you'll find a railway station.

01:57

So, you can either catch the train here or cycle back to Amsden. Before you hear the rest of the program, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.

02:17

One point to remember when you're cycling on the Amsden Way is that you should keep your eyes open for sheep which occasionally stray onto the cycle path from adjoining fields. So be careful to avoid accidents.

02:33

The path is well constructed, so it's not affected by wet or muddy conditions. There might be the odd car or tractor when you're cycling on roads, but most traffic has been diverted to the main road that bypasses the whole area.

02:49

Now, a bit more about some of the places you'll see. The starting point, Amstun Station, was quite busy in the early 20th century with services to several major cities. But it was closed in the 1950s. And actually, a small company was set up to turn it into a sort of railway museum, maintaining it in the style of the 1950s.

03:15

and the station was ready for trains to start using it again earlier this year. It's only used by a few local trains, though. There's a visitors' center at the station which has a small exhibition about the history of railway transport all over the world and a facility for hiring bikes if you don't have one of your own. There's also a small shop just across the road from the station that sells refreshments.

03:44

As I said, you can cycle to Langton and return to Amsden by train or the other way around because you can take your cycle on the train. There's no need to book. There's plenty of room and no extra charge. However, the service is very limited and the trains between these two places don't run on weekdays.

04:08

If you want to see the River Elm, there's a footpath from Amsden Station. And you can safely leave your bike in the car park there. Leave yourself plenty of time, though. Going down's easy, but the climb up is very steep.

04:24

so the walk back up to the top can take quite a while. But it's worth the effort. The scenery is wonderful, and the footpath runs right next to the river, down to a waterfall.

04:38

Finally, if you'd like to do some more cycling in the area, there are lots of other cycle paths. We'll be talking on the radio about them, and you'll be able to get full details in the Saturday edition of the local paper. The National Cycle Network also has some details on their website, although I have to say they don't have many local ones yet. But that may change. So we'll be telling you more about...

05:08

That is the end of Section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

00:03
Now turn to section 3 on page 5.

00:12
Section 3. You will hear two law students called Eleanor and Jamie discussing their work on whether the evidence given by people who witness crimes is reliable. First, you have some time to look at questions 21-26 on page 5.

01:18
Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.

01:26
Hey Jamie, I've just been reading this book about eyewitness testimonies. It really goes into how much we can actually rely on what the people who witness crimes actually say and what things influence eyewitness reliability. Oh, I've read a couple of case studies on that too. Can we compare notes? Good idea. It's fascinating to learn that eyewitness identification is such compelling evidence in both civil and criminal trials.

01:56
You mean if a witness says something, generally they're believed? And reading between the lines, I'd say that when a witness gives evidence in a very self-assured way, everyone takes them at their word. Whether they're a doctor who speaks with an assumed authority or the average person in the street, it doesn't seem to matter as much as their manner. Right. So is that textbook worth reading? Yes, it's a good book.

02:24
divided into user-friendly sections. It refers to case studies and the conclusions are clearly underlined. But actually, some of the cases are more than 10 years old now. Well, it's the same problem with the survey reports our tutor gave us. But at least they draw on a representative sample. That's good. All the books point out that eyewitness statements are very often unreliable. But there can be good reasons for that, like…

02:52
An incident may happen at night in the dark. Or it happened some way away. But it's the fact that it can happen in just a split second that makes the witnesses' account so unreliable. That point's made very strongly in what I've read too. Yeah. Have you read anything about photo identifications? Yes, about the procedure and the reliability of witnesses looking at photos of different people and picking out the suspect. The case studies

03:22
all clearly show how easy it is to sway a witness' choice of photo, even just by the flicker of an eye. But steps have been taken now to avoid this happening. And are the witnesses told exactly what they have to do? Mostly. But the trouble is, most people focus on the photos and choose the most likely suspect from the bunch and forget about the actual incident and who they saw at the time. And I read something about a naive observer. Do you know what that is?

03:52
Is it a witness who's never been in a court before? Oh, I understood it to mean someone who's had nothing to do with the event and they're asked to look at the photos and pick out the potential suspect. That figures. Then they can see if the photos are a good set and make sure one person doesn't stand out. Another thing I read was that witnesses don't like to change their minds once they've made a particular statement.

04:18
I thought people might worry about the fact that they told a lie in court and think they might be punished in some way. But it's simply that they're afraid of seeming unintelligent or lightweight. Yeah, people are reluctant to lose face. Imagine if a case had been going on for weeks and you suddenly realised you'd got something wrong right at the beginning.

04:43
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27-30 on page 6.

05:11
Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.

05:18
Changing the topic slightly, can I just check with you what you've understood about the problems of interviewing child witnesses when they've witnessed, for example, robbery? Yes. Did you get the handout about the stages that should be followed when children are interviewed? Yes. The rapport stage, when a relationship between the child and the interviewer is built up, seems to be crucial. But many children fail to say anything that provides any real information. It must be hard for them

05:48
not to feel a bit scared about being in a formal setting like a court building. Still, it's a good lead-in to open-ended questions, where the interviewer carefully sticks to their prepared questions in order to remain neutral. I can see the point of that, but the handout discusses the issue of children simply not understanding the specialist language used, so the whole interview just gets more puzzling for them. I think the stage called closed questions is easier for children to handle.

06:18
They just have to answer yes or no. But everything's not so clear-cut in a child's world. And abstract concepts such as honesty haven't been fully grasped by young children. You mean they make things up? Apparently. And in the final stage, closure, where the interviewer has to check anything that hasn't been made clear to them by repeating previous questions, children often become suspicious of the questioner.

06:45
It must require lots of training to be able to interview children successfully.

06:53
That is the end of section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

00:00
Section 2. You will hear a tour guide talking to some tourists who are going on a walking holiday in Spain. First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14 on page 3.

00:39
Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.

00:47
Well, good evening everyone. My name's Gary Payne and I'll be the leader for your walking holiday in Spain. And the purpose of this evening's meeting is for us all to get to know each other in advance and for you to ask any questions you may have about the holiday. So I'll begin by telling you a little bit about what to expect. Now, the ferry crossing from England to Santander in Spain takes about 24 hours. We'll be sailing on the Prince Regent, which was first launched in the 1980s.

01:16
As well as the crew of 160, it can accommodate about 2,000 people and 600 cars, and it sails at an average speed of 37 km an hour. There'll be an onboard map on one of the decks, which charts the ship's progress during the voyage. Although our minibus will be on one of the vehicle decks in the boat, access to these decks is prohibited during the crossing, so when you leave our bus, you'll have to take everything that you're likely to need with you, like...

01:44
toiletries or books and magazines. In fact, it's probably a good idea to put these things in a separate bag beforehand. You shouldn't need snacks on board as meals are provided and they're quite substantial. And if you don't feel well or get a headache, you can get tablets from me. I always carry an adequate supply. Now, once we're in Spain, we'll be based at a hostel in a small village called La Vega de Lebana, about 120 kilometres from Santander.

02:13
It's a very picturesque area that's retained a lot of its traditional industry and culture. The hostel accommodation's fairly simple. There are bunk beds and each room holds four to eight people. But the bathrooms and showers are of a high standard. The hostel residents have the use of tennis courts nearby, if you feel like a game. We'll be given breakfast and an evening meal at the hostel. In general, the hostel is relaxed.

02:41
But there are a few rules which the owners enforce strictly. Smoking is not allowed anywhere inside the building and food and drink is banned in the dormitories. Any chairs or tables which you take outside into the gardens must be returned every evening to their original place. And finally, the doors are locked after midnight out of consideration for other guests who are trying to sleep.

03:08
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20 on page 4.

03:40
Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.

03:48
Now that's enough about travel and accommodation. But before I move on, I should say something briefly about equipment. There's a list in the guidebook you've been sent, but I'll just elaborate on one or two items. First, boots. Make sure that the ones you bring have thick soles. That's the most important thing. Don't bring trainers for walking in. Apart from anything else, they're dangerous because they slip. It's important to bring spare socks. Then,

04:17
about waterproofs, I'd strongly advise you not to come with anything heavy, you know, with a thick lining. The ideal things are those lightweight ones, because they fold up small, and although they do keep the wind out, they don't make you too hot. Right? Next, sun cream. This is absolutely essential. And regarding the strength, make sure you get what's known as total block. Even factor 25 isn't good enough for those latitudes in July.

04:47
then let's see, bring a folder to keep your map and other papers in, you know, one of those plastic ones. It's not very likely to rain, but if it does, you'll find it soaks everything. So that's the practicalities over. Now let me tell you a little bit about the area in Spain where we'll be walking, the Picos de Europa. It's a very popular area for tourists because of its spectacular peaks. Although they're only 25 kilometres from the sea,

05:15
The highest peaks are more than 2,600 metres high and have year-round snow caps. On the highest peaks, you've got alpine plants that are only free of their snow cover for a few months a year. Then you've got meadows that are full of wild flowers at certain times of the year. Then the northern slopes are covered by woodlands, giving homes to rare species such as wolves and bears. And because of the variety of plant life which survives in that part of Europe,

05:45
due to the traditional way of life.

05:51
That is the end of section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

06:27
Now turn to section 3 on page 5.

00:00
Section 4 You will hear an introduction of the exhibition named Two Centuries of the Bike. First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

00:52
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

01:00
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to take this opportunity to welcome you to our exhibition, Two Centuries of the Bike. Let's stroll around the exhibition shall we? Although there were a few early efforts back in the 1700s, you didn't really see many bikes till, say, the 1830s in England. Bikes were response to the rapid growth of cities early in the 19th century. Cities like London were getting too big to walk across.

01:27
The early bike let people travel with less effort than walking. Plus, a bike was a lot cheaper than a horse. Think of it. No one invited a bike for, what, 5,000 years of human history. Why did people do it then? Probably because this was the start of the machine age. People wanted machines to do all the work. There were some drawbacks, however. For one thing, there were no pedals. You simply pushed yourself along using your feet, kind of like today's skateboard.

01:57
That meant you went fairly slow and uphill you actually worked harder pushing that two-wheeler. Plus the wheels were made of wood covered with metal as you can see from this model. So the downside was that the ride was quite uncomfortable on most roads. Only a few gadget lovers had or used them. By the 1860s though improvements were being made. As you can see from this specimen metal frames had become the rule. They're more durable than wood.

02:25
and they don't warp in the rain. The biggest improvement however was the development of the chain and sprocket system. They're connected. This meant you did not push the bike. You used pedals just like today. You had to try harder to balance so it took some practice to figure out how to use the pedals but it made the ride so much easier. As a result the good thing was that you could ride a lot more smoothly and with very little effort. By the 1880s

02:53
Another big change was the use of rubber wheels. These became pretty common at that time. Though the first ones were solid rubber, the ride was a good deal more comfortable than the old iron and wood system. This is a big consideration because the faster you go, the more you feel every bump. Air-filled tyres, pneumatic tyres, didn't really come into use till around the year 1900, as you can see from this exhibition over here. That made the ride even more comfortable.

03:22
So by 1890 or so people were going a lot faster and lot more smoothly. There was one problem when you were going quickly and comfortably. Oh no, how do I stop? Yes, we all laugh now, but for a long time the only way to stop was to drag your feet. That didn't work very well and it would be dangerous if you were going fast. In the crowded cities of those years, New York, Chicago and so on, you'd get killed if you couldn't stop for say a streetcar. Plus, look at this bike.

03:51
The front wheel is nearly a metre and two thirds tall. They made them that way so you could see over people in wagons, but you couldn't drag your feet. This model is called the Velocipede, a speed pedal. Another characteristic of the bike in this period is that it has two equal sized wheels, which signalled a big change in bikes. For with the Velocipede, brakes appeared. If you wanted to stop, you just pushed the pedal backwards. Doing that stopped the back wheel of the bike.

04:20
This technique worked a lot better than dragging your feet or jumping off the high seat there. This meant the bikes became a great deal safer. It would have been safer if people wore helmets but the first bicycle helmet wasn't invented until years later and even then it was little more than a leather ball cap. It really wasn't until the 1970s that the bike helmet was modified to provide some real protection.

04:48
Before continuing on to look at developments since the 1890s, let's say a word more about safety. Everyone knows if you're going downhill, you can get going dangerously fast. To go more than 100 kilometres an hour isn't all that difficult. But even on level ground, it's easy to go too quickly. On a city street, today's bicycles can be ridden at a speed of over 40 miles an hour over a short distance. That's about 64 kilometres an hour. Remember, you're on a bike, not in a car.

05:17
There's nothing to protect you. People are killed in single bicycle accidents every day just from hitting the road. A good rule to remember is if you're going faster than the cars, slow down and please wear a helmet. Nearly one quarter of the epilepsy cases come from head injuries in accidents on bikes and motorcycles. I don't mean to scare you, but safety is everyone's business. What? Now that's a good question. Why are today's bikes so much faster?

05:47
Well, it's not just that today's athletes are faster. The answer is partly mechanical. If you look closely here at the back wheel, you'll see a number of gears. Changing gears is what makes those fast speeds possible. You can shift gears depending on the terrain and how hard you wish to pedal. So you can put it on a higher gear for downhill and a lower gear for uphill travel to make it easier to climb that slope. You'll notice this gear shifting mechanism is attached to the back wheel.

06:15
And when the rider shifts on the handlebar gear shifter, the chain moves to the appropriate sprocket. And, speaking of changing gears, let's look over here at our Tour de France exhibit.

06:29
That is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

07:03
That is the end of the listening test. In the IELTS test, you will now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.

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