Cách làm dạng Matching Name (thuộc Classification) IELTS READING - Giải chi tiết bài tập

Bên cạnh phân tích và cung cấp thêm bài sửa chi tiết của Part 1 IELTS SPEAKING của học sinh đi thi thật ngày 4/8/2020 nhé, IELTS TUTOR phân tích và hướng dẫn kĩ Cách làm dạng Matching Name (thuộc Classification) IELTS READING

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Sẽ được cho một list các tên người đã xuất hiện trong bài đọc (thường là chuyên gia hoặc nhà nghiên cứu)
• Phải nối mỗi tên với một câu statement đúng về việc anh ta đã nói hay đã làm.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Những câu statement này hoàn toàn đã được nhắc đến trong bài đọc, và số lượng statement và số lượng tên thường không bằng nhau 
• Cần nhớ rằng các bài đọc của IELTS luôn là mang tính academic nên tên thường dùng là surnames. 
  • IELTS TUTOR lấy ví dụ nếu tên của người đó là Robert Smith, có thể sẽ không tìm thấy tên “Robert” trong passage, vì vậy hãy tìm tên “Smith”
• Thông thường đáp án của câu hỏi sẽ xuất hiện theo thứ tự bài đọc, tức là nếu đáp án câu 1 ở Passage A, đáp án câu 3 ở Passage B thì đáp án câu 2 phải ở khoảng giữa dưới đáp án câu 1 và đáp án câu 3 

3.1. Đọc lướt câu hỏi và khoanh tròn các tên riêng trong câu hỏi

3.2. Tìm tất cả các tên trong passage

• Đọc lướt toàn bộ passage thật nhanh chóng để tìm tên riêng được nhắc đến trong câu hỏi
• IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: 
  •  Không đọc đoạn text mà chỉ tìm kiếm tên người thôi và khoanh tròn tất cả các tên được yêu cầu xuất hiện ở những vị trí nào trong bài đọc.
  • Nên khoanh tròn dễ thấy, để sau khi đọc câu hỏi thì lật lại xác định tên cho nhanh

3.3. Khi khoanh vùng được tên có trong câu hỏi, quay lại đề bài đọc kĩ câu hỏi để chọn đáp án

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Lúc này sẽ là lúc đối chiếu keywords trong câu hỏi và trong bài bài đọc với nhau để tìm cho ra đáp án đúng 

3.4. Làm câu dễ trước, câu khó sau, nếu khó quá không làm được thì bỏ qua

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Có những tên chỉ xuất hiện duy nhất trong một passage, có những tên lại xuất hiện 3 lần trong 3 passage khác nhau. 
• Việc nối những tên chỉ xuất hiện 1 lần với statement chắc hẳn dễ hơn so với tên xuất hiện 3 lần nên hãy bắt đầu với những tên xuất hiện 1 lần trước.

3.5. Khi đã nối được 1 đáp án, hãy đánh dấu đáp án đã được dùng

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Mỗi đáp án thường chỉ được dùng 1 lần, đánh dấu như vậy giúp loại trừ dễ dàng hơn ở các câu sau.

Bài tập thuộc chuyên đề Matching information của khoá học IELTS ONLINE READING 1 KÈM 1 của IELTS TUTOR

Chores for children

Assigning new jobs for children as they mature will develop their work ethic, says Gregg Murset, CEO of BusyKid, a chore and allowance tracking app. “The most important thing is to challenge them,” he says. “Once they have some proficiency you need to make them stretch to do the next job.” Mr. Murset, a father of six children ages 10 to 20, believes parents should teach children to do housework when they’re young, no matter if it yields imperfect results. “Even though it’s easier to just clean the toilet by yourself and be done with it, you have to take the long view and realise that these fundamental life skills are so important,” he says.

Attaching an allowance to chores teaches children not to expect handouts, says Michael Eisenberg, a financial advisor and member of the National Financial Literacy Commission. “At earlier ages, it instills within children the reality that you do something and you get paid for it,” he says. “Later on in life, they learn that the only way we get money is if we produce stuff at our jobs.” Some 68% of U.S. parents say they pay an allowance to their children, at an average rate of $67.80 per month, according to a 2016 survey of 1,005 adults. More than 80% of respondents who pay an allowance say they want to teach their child the value of money and financial responsibility, the survey found.

Who expressed the four opinions below? Answer by choosing A, B or C.

1) Children should learn that you don’t get something for nothing.
2) Parents should give their children tasks of increasing difficulty.
3) Children should learn to manage their money carefully.
4) Parents should think about the future benefits of giving chores to their children.

A Gregg Murset
B Michael Eisenberg
C most American parents

Câu số 4: Parents should think about the future benefits of giving chores to their children

A. Gregg Murset

B. Michael Eisenberg

C. Most American parents

• Đọc kĩ cách làm dạng matching name mà IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn ở trên nhé 
• Bước 1: cần làm là đọc kĩ đề bài & highlight keywords: parents think, future benefits, giving chores to children (IELTS TUTOR lưu ý các options là tên riêng rất dễ cho việc đọc lướt tìm keyword khi đọc đoạn văn) 
• Bước 2: Đọc lướt qua bài đọc xác định đoạn văn khoanh vùng, đọc đến đoạn “Even though it’s easier to just clean the toilet by yourself and be done with it, you have to take the long view and realise that these fundamental life skills are so important,” he says” nhất là đoạn you have to take the long view (tức là cần nhìn xa hơn đang paraphrase  think about the future benefits of đề cho) —> Đáp án có khả năng là A
• Câu C chắc chắn sai vì không thấy nhắc đến, Câu B cũng không đúng vì chỉ đang nói về lợi ích của “Attaching an allowance to chores” chứ không thấy nói việc parents nên think about the future benefits of giving chores to their children
• Đáp án A 

Left-handed or Right-handed

Section A

The probability that two right-handed people would have a left-handed child is only about 9.5 percent. The chance rises to 19.5 percent if one parent is a lefty and 26 percent if both parents are left-handed: The preference, however, could also stem from an infant’s imitation of his parents. To test genetic influence, starting in the 1970s British biologist Marian Annett of the University of Leicester hypothesized that no single gene determines handedness. Rather, during fetal development, a certain molecular factor helps to strengthen the brain’s left hemisphere, which increases the probability that the right hand will be dominant because the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. Among the minority of people who lack this factor, handedness develops entirely by chance.

Research conducted on twins complicates the theory, however. One in five sets of identical twins involves one right-handed and one left-handed person, despite the fact that their genetic material is the same. Genes, therefore, are not solely responsible for handedness.

Section B

The genetic theory is also undermined by results from Peter Hepper and his team at Queen’s University in Belfast, Ireland. In 2004 the psychologists used ultrasound to show that by the 15th week of pregnancy, fetuses already have a preference as to which thumb they suck. In most cases, the preference continued after birth. At 15 weeks, though, the brain does not yet have control over the body’s limbs. Hepper speculates that fetuses tend to prefer whichever side of the body is developing quickly and that their movements, in turn, influence the brain’s development. Whether this early preference is temporary or holds up throughout development and infancy is unknown. Genetic predetermination is also contradicted by the widespread observation that children do not settle on either their right or left hand until they are two or three years old.

Section C

But even if these correlations were true, they did not explain what actually causes left-handedness. Furthermore, specialization on either side of the body is common among animals. Cats will favor one paw over another when fishing toys out from under the couch. Horses stomp more frequently with one hoof than the other. Certain crabs motion predominantly with the left or right claw. In evolutionary terms, focusing power and dexterity in one limb is more efficient than having to train two, four or even eight limbs equally. Yet for most animals, the preference for one side or the other is seemingly random. The overwhelming dominance of the right hand is associated only with humans. That fact directs attention toward the brain’s two hemispheres and perhaps toward language.

Section D

Interest in hemispheres dates back to at least 1836. That year, at a medical conference, French physician Marc Dax reported on an unusual commonality among his patients. During his many years as a country doctor, Dax had encountered more than 40 men and women for whom speech was difficult, the result of some kind of brain damage. What was unique was that every individual suffered damage to the left side of the brain. At the conference, Dax elaborated on his theory, stating that each half of the brain was responsible for certain functions and that the left hemisphere controlled speech. Other experts showed little interest in the Frenchman’s ideas.

Over time, however, scientists found more and more evidence of people experiencing speech difficulties following an injury to the left brain. Patients with damage to the right hemisphere most often displayed disruptions in perception or concentration. Major advancements in understanding the brain’s asymmetry were made in the 1960s as a result of so-called split-brain surgery, developed to help patients with epilepsy. During this operation, doctors severed the corpus callosum – the nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres. The surgical cut also stopped almost all normal communication between the two hemispheres, which offered researchers the opportunity to investigate each side’s activity.

Section E

In 1949 neurosurgeon Juhn Wada devised the first test to provide access to the brain’s functional organization of language. By injecting an anesthetic into the right or left carotid artery, Wada temporarily paralyzed one side of a healthy brain, enabling him to more closely study the other side’s capabilities. Based on this approach, Brenda Milner and the late Theodore Rasmussen of the Montreal Neurological Institute published a major study in 1975 that confirmed the theory that country doctor Dax had formulated nearly 140 years earlier: in 96 percent of right-handed people, language is processed much more intensely in the left hemisphere. The correlation is not as clear in lefties, however. For two-thirds of them, the left hemisphere is still the most active language processor. But for the remaining third, either the right side is dominant or both sides work equally, controlling different language functions.>> IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI 30/5/2020 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (kèm bài sửa HS đạt 6.5)

That last statistic has slowed acceptance of the notion that the predominance of right-handedness is driven by left-hemisphere dominance in language processing. It is not at all clear why language control should somehow have dragged the control of body movement with it. Some experts think one reason the left hemisphere reigns over language is that the organs of speech processing – the larynx and tongue – are positioned on the body’s symmetry axis. Because these structures were centered, it may have been unclear, in evolutionary terms, which side of the brain should control them, and it seems unlikely that shared operation would result in smooth motor activity.

Language and handedness could have developed preferentially for very different reasons as well. For example, some researchers, including evolutionary psychologist Michael C. Corballis of the University of Auckland in New Zealand, think that the origin of human speech lies in gestures. Gestures predated words and helped language emerge. If the left hemisphere began to dominate speech, it would have dominated gestures, too, and because the left brain controls the right side of the body, the right hand developed more strongly.

Section F

Perhaps we will know more soon. In the meantime, we can revel in what, if any, differences handedness brings to our human talents. Popular wisdom says right-handed, left-brained people excel at logical, analytical thinking. Left-handed, right-brained individuals are thought to possess more creative skills and maybe better at combining the functional features emergent on both sides of the brain. Yet some neuroscientists see such claims as pure speculation. Fewer scientists are ready to claim that left-handedness means greater creative potential. Yet lefties are prevalent among artists, composers and the generally acknowledged great political thinkers. Possibly if these individuals are among the lefties whose language abilities are evenly distributed between hemispheres, the intense interplay required could lead to unusual mental capabilities.

Section G

Or perhaps some lefties become highly creative because they must be more clever to get by in our right-handed world. This battle, which begins during the very early stages of childhood, may lay the groundwork for exceptional achievements.

Questions 14-18

The Reading Passage has 7 paragraphs A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

14. The phenomenon of using one side of their body for animals.

15. Statistics on the rate of one-handedness born.

16. The age when the preference for using one hand is fixed.

17. great talents of occupations in the left-handed population.

18. The earliest record of researching hemisphere’s function.

Questions 19-22: Match each researcher with the correct finding.

A. Brenda Milner

B. Marian Annett

C. Peter Hepper

D. Michale Corballis

19. Ancient language evolution is connected to body gesture and therefore influences handedness.

20. A child handedness is not determined by just biological factors.

21. Language process is generally undergoing in the left hemisphere of the brain.

22. The rate of development of one side of the body has an influence on hemisphere preference in the fetus.

Giải câu 19

Ancient language evolution is connected to body gesture and therefore influences handedness. (IELTS TUTOR dịch: Quá trình tiến hóa của ngôn ngữ cổ đại liên quan đến cử chỉ cơ thể và do đó ảnh hưởng sự thuận 1 tay)

• Dạng matching information xem kĩ cách làm https://www.ieltstutor.me/blog/dat-7-ielts-listening-cach-hoc-dac-biet-matching-nang-cao 
• Keyword: Ancient language evolution, body gesture, influences handedness
• Từ vựng:
  • evolution https://www.ieltstutor.me/blog/cach-dung-danh-tu-evolution-tieng-anh 

handedness (n) https://www.ieltsdanang.vn/blog/cach-dung-danh-tu-handedness-tieng-anh

• Đọc lướt đến đoạn E

Language and handedness could have developed preferentially for very different reasons as well. For example, some researchers, including evolutionary psychologist Michael C. Corballis of the University of Auckland in New Zealand, think that the origin of human speech lies in gestures. Gestures predated words and helped language emerge. If the left hemisphere began to dominate speech, it would have dominated gestures, too, and because the left brain controls the right side of the body, the right hand developed more strongly (IELTS TUTOR dịch: Ngôn ngữ và xu hướng thuận tay có thể đã phát triển ưu tiên vì những lý do hoàn toàn khác nhau. Ví dụ, một số nhà nghiên cứu, bao gồm nhà tâm lý học tiến hóa Michael C. Corballis thuộc Đại học Auckland ở New Zealand, cho rằng nguồn gốc của ngôn ngữ con người bắt nguồn từ cử chỉ. Cử chỉ xuất hiện trước từ ngữ và góp phần hình thành ngôn ngữ. Nếu bán cầu não trái bắt đầu chiếm ưu thế trong việc kiểm soát lời nói, nó cũng sẽ chiếm ưu thế trong cử chỉ, và vì não trái điều khiển nửa phải của cơ thể, nên tay phải phát triển mạnh mẽ hơn)

• ->  origin of human speech = Ancient language, lies in gestures = connected to body gesture

—> Đáp án D. Michale Corballis

📩 MN AI CHƯA CÓ ĐÁP ÁN FORECAST QUÝ MỚI PART 1-2-3 NHẮN ZL 0905834420 IELTS TUTOR GỬI FREE HẾT NHA

Các khóa học IELTS online 1 kèm 1 - 100% cam kết đạt target 6.0 - 7.0 - 8.0 - Đảm bảo đầu ra - Thi không đạt, học lại FREE

>> IELTS Intensive Writing

>> IELTS Intensive Speaking

>> IELTS Intensive Listening

>> IELTS Intensive Reading

>> IELTS Cấp tốc

>> IELTS General

>> Thành tích học sinh IELTS TUTOR với hàng ngàn feedback được cập nhật hàng ngày.