Hướng dẫn từ A đến Z cách viết Mở bài (INTRODUCTION) tất cả các dạng Essay IELTS WRITING TASK 2

Dưới đây sẽ là một vài hướng dẫn chung cho các bạn viết Introduction cho tất cả các dạng Essay trong IELTS WRITING TASK 2. Ngoài ra các bạn có thể đọc thêm 4 hương pháp thoát cảnh "bí" ý tưởng IELTS WRITING TASK 2 hay 4 tiêu chí chấm này trong IELTS Writing để có thêm kiến thức bổ ích.

• Giới thiệu chủ đề của bài viết
• Trả lời câu hỏi của đề bài cho 

Các em nên tham khảo rất kĩ bố cục nói chung của một bài văn IELTS Writing Task 2 mà IELTS TUTOR đã giới thiệu từ trước đó

Phần Introduction nên có 2 câu

• Câu 1: General statement - Giới thiệu chủ đề chung của bài viết, diễn đạt lại đề bài theo cách riêng của bạn (paraphrase đề bài bằng các từ và cụm từ đồng nghĩa)
• Câu 2: Thesis Statement - Trả lời câu hỏi 

Mục tiêu của General Statement:

• Giới thiệu chủ đề chung của bài viết.
• Đưa các thông tin background về chủ đề đó.

Viết General Statement như thế nào?

Chúng ta có những cách để mở đầu như:

It is widely believed that…

It is possible/probable that…

It can be argued that…

It has been suggested that…

Ví dụ:

Essay Question: In recent years some countries have experienced very rapid economic development. This has resulted in much higher standards of living in urban areas but not in the countryside. This situation may bring some problems for the country as a whole. What are these problems? How might they be reduced?

General Statement: It seems to be an increasingly widespread concern for the effects of urbanisation with the imbalance in living standards between the city and the outskirt.

Thesis Statement là gì?

Là câu trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi của đề bài. Trong dạng OPINION ESSAY, thesis statement là câu mà bạn sẽ bộc lộ quan điểm của mình (là agree hay là disagree)

Viết Thesis Statement như thế nào?

• Cần xác định dạng câu hỏi mà đề bài đưa ra. Có 8 dạng đề của Writing Task 2, các bạn có thể tham khảo kĩ hơn cách nhận biết 8 dạng đề này trong IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ở blog mà IELTS TUTOR đã đăng từ trước nhé.
• Ở mỗi dạng đề sẽ có cách viết câu Thesis Statement khác nhau, từng dạng sẽ như sau:
  • OPINION ESSAY: Câu Thesis Statement sẽ bộc lộ quan điểm của em, tức là đồng ý hoặc không đồng ý 
  • DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS & GIVE YOUR OPINION sẽ bộc lộ quan điểm của em là theo quan điểm nào 
  • 2 QUESTIONS: sẽ nhắc chung chung về causes & effects hoặc causes & solutions, tùy đề 

VÍ DỤ:

Essay Question: The government and individuals are spending too much money on national celebrations like new year or festivals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Action words là “do you agree or disagree”. Đây chính là dạng OPINION ESSAY vì vậy bạn cần cho người đọc biết bạn có đồng ý với quan điểm mà đề bài đưa ra hay không.

Thesis Statement:

People have different views about whether public expenditure on national occasions such as new year or festivals is too much nowadays. While I agree that governments and individuals are spending a significant amount of money on those celebrations, I would argue that this activity is necessary and therefore can be considered acceptable.

==> Cách viết như câu trên là cho kiểu trả lời PARTLY, tức là ba phải, vừa theo ý kiến này, vừa theo ý kiến kia của dạng OPINION ESSAY

Yêu cầu đề bài là các dạng câu hỏi sau:

• To what extend do you agree or disagree?
• What is your opinion on this?

Introduction:

General Statement

Paraphrase lại đề bài (1 câu)

Thesis statement (giới thiệu nội dung chính của toàn bài):

Trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi của đề bài – các em hoàn toàn đồng ý/ không đồng ý hoặc một phần đồng ý với ý kiến được đưa ra, 1 câu.

Cụ thể hơn, đề bài hỏi bạn “do you agree or disagree“. Em có thể trả lời bằng một trong 3 cách sau:

• I strongly disagree with this idea.
• I strongly agree with this idea.
• I partly agree with this idea.

Ví dụ 1:

Essay Question: Too much emphasis is placed on going university for academic study. People should be encouraged to do vocational training, because there is a lack of qualified tradespeople such as electricians or plumbers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

General Statement:

It goes without saying that society always needs a skilled workforce to function. Employees of different professions contribute differently to the thriving of the community,

Thesis Statement:

...and therefore I disagree with the statement that vocational courses should be given any more weight than before.

Ví dụ 2:

Essay Question: It is inevitable that traditional cultures will be lost as technology develops. Technology and traditional cultures are incompatible. To what extent do you agree and disagree with this view ?

1. Agree

General Statement:

It is true that technology is developing at an incredible rate, and that traditional societies and cultural pratices are disappearing as a result.

Thesis Statement:

I therefore agree with the view that technology and traditional cultures cannot coexist.

2. Disagree

General Statement:

Some people would argue the technological developments lead to the disappearance of traditional societies and cultural practices.

Thesis Statement:

I completely disagree with this view because I see no reason why technology cannot coexist with traditional cultures and even enhence them.

3. Neutral

General Statement:

Some people believed that technological developments lead to the loss of traditional cultures.

Thesis Statement:

I partly agree with this assertion; while it may be true in the case of some societies, others seem to be unaffected by technology and the modern world.

VD3:

Essay Question: Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree or disagree?

General Statement: 

Many young people work on a volunteer basis, and this can only be beneficial for both the individual and society as a whole.

Thesis Statement:

However, I do not agree that we should therefore force all teenagers to do unpaid work.

VD4:

Essay Question: When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

General Statement: 

Many people choose their jobs based on the size of the salary offered.

Thesis Statement:

Personally, I disagree with the idea that money is the key consideration when deciding on a career, because I believe that other factors are equally important.

Khác với argumentative essay, một bài discursive essay yêu cầu người viết phải thảo luận một vấn đề được đưa ra từ nhiều chiều khác nhau.
Yêu cầu đề bài là các dạng câu hỏi sau

• Discuss both sides
• Discuss these two views and give your opinion

Introduction

General Statement
Paraphrase lại đề bài
Thesis statement (giới thiệu nội dung chính của toàn bài): Trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi của đề bài.

1. Nêu quan điểm cá nhân: While it can be argued that (view A), I believe that (view B) (Nếu là dạng Discuss both views and give your opinion) 
2. Không nêu quan điểm cá nhân: This essay will examine both views (Nếu là dạng Discuss both views)

Ví dụ:

Essay Question: Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

General Statement: Many people show preference for repeating their daily routine while others always look for change as they believe change would bring more benefits.

Thesis Statement:

In my opinion, I would agree with the latter point of view.

Cách nhận biết: Đề bài đưa ra một vấn đề, hỏi về hậu quả của vấn đề đó và giải pháp khắc phục.

Ví dụ 1:

Essay Question: In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.

General Statement:

It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before.

Thesis Statement

Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.

Ví dụ 2:

Essay Question: There is a general increase in anti-social behaviours and lack of respect for others. What are the causes and solutions?

General Statement: 

The widespread problem of anti-social behaviours and disrespectful attitudes towards others has long been a major topic of concern in society.

Thesis Statement

Some of the major culprits of this problem will be discussed before the most important solutions are drawn.

Ví dụ 3

Essay Question: Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of personal relationships? Has this become a positive or negative development?

General Statement: Rapid advances in technology have undoubtedly affected the way we interact in various ways.

Thesis Statement

While some of this change can exert a negative impact on the way we communicate with each other, my view is that overall modern technology typically improves communication in personal relationships.

Nếu đề cho Advantages and Disadvantages & Give your opinion thì bắt buộc câu thứ 2 phải có nêu ý kiến của bản thân các em là advantages nhiều hơn hay disadvantages nhiều hơn

Cách làm: 

Câu 1: Giới thiệu Topic

Câu 2: Nêu ra quan điểm là Advantages nhiều hơn, hay Disadvantages nhiều hơn

Ví dụ

Essay Question: Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

General Statement: Many people show preference for repeating their daily routine while others always look for change as they believe change would bring more benefits.

Thesis Statement:

In my opinion, I would agree with the latter point of view.

1. Đừng tốn quá nhiều thời gian cho phần mở đầu, vì thân bài mới là phần chính và cũng là phần lấy điểm nhiều nhất trong bài viết của bạn.

2. Đừng viết phần mở bài quá dài, vì như vậy sẽ tốn thời gian, lan man, chỉ nên viết 2 câu

3. Đừng copy lại hoàn toàn những từ vựng hay cấu trức được dùng trong đề bài mà nên paraphrase lại bằng ngôn ngữ và cách của mình.

Phần 1: Giới thiệu chủ đề.

Phần 2: Nêu ra yêu cầu.

Ví Dụ:

Essay Question: Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others, however, believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Chia đề làm 2 phần:

Phần 1: Chủ đề của đề bài: “Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future such as those related to science and technology.”

Phần 2: Yêu cầu của đề là “Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.”

Chúng ta sẽ paraphrase “Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others, however, believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future such as those related to science and technology.”

Câu 1:

Some people think that paraphrase thành It is thought that// It is argued that// It is believed that

all university students paraphrase thành all students entering university// all students entering tertiary education// all students entering third-level education

should study whatever they like paraphrase thành should study whatever that they have an interest in// should choose the courses that they have a passion for

Câu 2:

Others, however, believe that paraphrase thành Other people, however, think that// Other people, however, argue that

they should only be allowed to paraphrase thành they should solely be allowed to

study subjects that will be useful in the future paraphrase thành study subjects that will be of use for their future

such as those related to science and technology paraphrase thành such as science-based subjects.

Sau khi paraphrase xong phần 1 thì sẽ trả lời phần 2. Bạn có 2 cách trả lời, một là đồng ý với ý đầu : I personally agree with the first group hoặc đồng ý với ý sau I personally agree with the second group.

Ví dụ mở bài hoàn chỉnh

General Statement

It is argued that all students entering university should choose the courses that they have an interest in. Other people, however, argue that they should solely be allowed to study subjects that will be of use for their future.

Thesis Statement

I personally agree with the first/second group.

Essay Question: Because computers can translate all languages very quickly and accurately, learning a foreign language is a waste of time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Good introduction:

General Statement

It is true that computer programs are now able to carry out language translation tasks far more quickly than any human can.

Thesis Statement

However, I completely disagree with the idea that this development makes learning foreign languages unnecessary.

Bad introduction:

Computers are one of the most important inventions in human's history and they have allowed people to a lot of things that they were not able to in the past. They are also very easy to use and are becoming increasingly cheap and portable. The discussion about whether or not the assimilation of a forign tongue is needful in this age of computer translation is a contentious one. It is undoubtedly true that computers will be of paramount importance throughout all human cultures in the coming years/

• Điểm trừ dễ thấy nhất đó toàn bộ phần mở đầu của Bad introduction rất lan man, không hề đá đụng gì đến đề bài và câu hỏi được đặt ra
• Thêm vào đó, với độ dài gấp đôi, Bad introduction thực sự là quá dài dòng so với Good introduction

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