Transcript Bài tập dạng Sentence Completion IELTS LISTENING (advanced)

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00:00
Welcome class to your very first lecture in this series on business in the modern world conducted by myself, Dr. Toby Bennett. Today we will be looking into the practice of company outsourcing using TCP technologies as a case study. Now for those of you who are unfamiliar with this practice I will give you a summative definition.

00:26
Company outsourcing involves the contracting of various business activities by one company to another. This practice will sometimes occur from a Western company to a party based in a third world country. The rationale being to make significant financial savings on lower international labour rates and to potentially increase quality. Now, our case study for today is TCP technologies.

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a party located in India that receives outsourced tasks from Western companies. The manager of TCP Technologies is a man called Manjeet Khanna, who has personally developed a series of aims and philosophies by which the company is expected to operate. He claims that the most important of these philosophies is to create a workplace where each individual member has the opportunity to contribute their opinion

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to the operations of the company. That is to say that he found it important to develop a democratic environment.

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As a means of ensuring quality from every individual at TCP Technologies, a grading system has been developed that encourages an ethos of hard work and recognizes accomplishment. This grading of individuals is based upon a series of factors such as turnover, hours worked, and efficiency. Every month, CARNA publishes the grades on an internal website.

02:01
where staff can access not only their own grades but also compare it to others. A spirit of playful competitiveness has developed through this method which has resulted in increased efficiency and turnover across the company. Kana also saw it as essential to develop a culturally diverse group of employees as a means of presenting a multi-faceted image

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that would appeal to a host of potential employees from across the globe. This cultural openness has not only increased the quantity of incoming contracted opportunities by 7%, but has also benefited the company itself significantly. A level of transparency now exists that had not before been apparent. According to questionnaires carried out recently,

02:55
These newly introduced measures have significantly increased the rates of staff satisfaction, which has subsequently led to an increase of 32 % in the company's income. These figures are truly admirable and serve as a testament to the measures that Khanna has introduced to the workplace at TCP Technologies. In a recent interview published by The Economist, he declared,

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works. When asked if he had any advice for companies on methods they could employ to streamline workflow and increase turnover, he replied, it's simple really. A company must see itself not as one entity comprised of nameless components, but instead as a living organism composed of cells, each one essential to the functioning of the whole.

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I suggest that the motto by which your management operates will be, Employee First.

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Many benefits have been reaped from the aforementioned changes in management style, such as a significant decrease in staff turnover. This improvement alone has solved many problems that had before stunted the growth of the company. A lot of these improvements came from the realization that the solution does not have to be produced internally, but can come from any other company.

04:30
The grading system also immeasurably enhanced the dynamics of the company. The fact that this measuring system is solely produced for staff members and inaccessible by management means that it cannot be used as a judging criterion for promotion. It has proven itself a relaxed and informal means of stimulating workflow. When asked about specific features of his managing style, Kana mentioned

04:58
that it is important for him to respond personally to any complaints filed by staff members. Having found the existing complaints process slow and ineffective, he introduced a new online system that created a direct line of communication between Kana and all employees of the company. The complaint form, dubbed by Kana as a ticket, eradicates the middleman.

05:25
is easily accessible to all employees online and has an interface that can be instinctively navigated. Any staff-related complaint, such as those relating to air conditioning and food quality, can be submitted directly to Kana via this online system. Entitlement to vacation is also a popular issue discussed through this forum. The main benefit of using the system is that staff must include their personal details

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on the ticket before they are able to submit it. the past, anonymous complaints had been the root of much confusion and caused many wasted work hours, so the new system has put a ban on this form of complaint. That wraps up the lecture for today. Please remember that attendance is mandatory.

00:00
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40. Today I'd like to explore the concept of soundscapes, a term that refers to the acoustic environment we live in essentially. The sounds that surround us in any given setting, whether natural or human made. The term soundscape was first introduced by Murray Schaefer, a well-known composer from Canada, who devoted much of his career

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to understanding how sound shapes our experience of the world. He argued that what we hear is not just random noise, but something that carries meaning, often reflecting the character or even the health of the environment we're in. Schaeffer and those who followed his work divided the soundscape into three primary components. The first is biophony, which includes all the sounds produced by living creatures. For instance,

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bird song, insects buzzing, and the croaking of frogs all fall under this category. The second category is Giuffani. This refers to natural sounds that arise from non-living elements of the environment. Examples here include the rustling of leaves, wind blowing through trees, or the steady patter of rain. These are physical phenomena that still form an important part of what we hear in nature. Finally, we have Anthrophony,

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This encompasses all human-generated sounds, whether intentional like musical or unintentional, such as engine noise, construction activity, or even general urban clatter. One of the key researchers in the modern study of soundscapes is Bernie Krauss. Krauss has spent decades recording natural soundscapes and has reached some fascinating conclusions. According to him, every sound in the natural world carries its own distinctive

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signature a kind of auditory fingerprint. More than that, he's found that, when undisturbed, the sounds of nature demonstrate a delicate balance. They are generally in harmony with each other, especially in terms of loudness and frequency, which prevents them from clashing or overwhelming one another. Interestingly, shifts in a natural soundscape can tell us a great deal. In fact, changes in what we hear

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may be an early sign of larger environmental problems. For example, a sudden decrease in certain animal calls may point to alterations in the climate of that region. Similarly, irregular patterns in sound can also be a signal of pollution, not just noise pollution, but chemical contamination as well, such as the use of pesticides or insecticides, which can cause entire species to fall silent.

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to capture and analyze these complex sound environments. Researchers today often use sophisticated tools like acoustic recorders. These devices collect audio data over extended periods, which can then be visualized into three-dimensional maps. Such maps help scientists to study sound patterns across space and time.

00:00
Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about aquaculture and the fishing business. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

01:00
So, what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called aquaculture. It has been responsible for the impressive growth in the supply of fish for human consumption. There's also been a slight improvement in the state of certain fish stocks due to improved fishery management. Aquatic food production has transitioned from being primarily based on the capturing of wild fish to the culture of increasing numbers of farmed species.

01:30
In recent years, a type of genetically modified salmon has been farmed in the New England region, produced by a Massachusetts-based biotech firm. This type of fish is engineered to grow twice as fast as its conventional farm-raised counterpart. As a result, this increases the speed of the local aquaculture industry development, and thus reduces the fishing pressure on wild stock.

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But local residents have expressed their concerns on the potential negative effects on the ecosystem should those GM fish ever escape into the sea. Stronger, healthier and faster growing, these fish might cannibalise others or outcompete wild type fish for food. Local decision makers and regulators have thus pushed forward a number of measures making it impossible for most GM fish to mate. A small percentage

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is able to breed only within confined pools. Despite the economic boom of genetically engineered fish, culturing traditional types of fish is still mainstream among fish farmers. Most of them prefer fish with special features, such as tuna. It is a source of high quality protein with almost no fat. It also contains all essential amino acids required by the body for growth,

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and maintenance of lean muscle tissue. With high nutritional value, this kind of fish will always be popular in the fish market. For the fish farming industry, incidents of fish escaping the farms has been a troubling issue over the years. Due to bad weather, nets that used to hold the fish were often destroyed. Thousands of salmon, worth nearly 220,000 euros, escaped from a fish farm

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in the Norwegian region in July, raising fear that they would breed with wild fish stocks. Cages were thus built to withstand storms. The frames of the cages are made of PE, which is dedicated to marine use. This material has trustable strength, resilience and tenacity. To further strengthen it, strong nets without knots are used to support the cylindrical frame.

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A group of small villages on the island of Zanzibar off the coast of East Africa have been trying to develop a local aquaculture industry sustainably. They use a land-based production system that is both economically and ecologically sound. Land-based recirculation can control ocean temperature and optimize growth for the fish that are used to warm water. All organic waste from the fish.

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is held on land, with incoming water sterilized to avoid disease, which has historically plagued ocean-based farms. The lack of disease means that no drugs are administered to the fish. However, one problem facing the villagers is lack of suitable land on the coast for this system. Hotels and beaches open to tourists take up most of the coastal area.

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Another problem facing local fishermen is the scarcity of young fish used to breed the species. This predicament stems from overfishing during the previous decades. The local commercial fishing industry has been reduced by 50 % for this reason and the aquaculture industry has yet to thrive. The government has taken a set of initiatives to safeguard native aquaculture and the fishing industry.

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An open-air seafood market has been launched. Residents are encouraged to support local fish farming businesses by purchasing marine products. As it turns out, there is a public demand for access to locally produced, sustainable sources of fresh seafood. Moreover, local fish farmers are aided to market seaweed and oysters, both of which have additional economic values. Seaweed

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is used in various ways in cosmetics. Seaweed extract is often found on the list of ingredients, constituting creams, soaps, shampoos, powders and sprays. It is said to be useful in various ways, including the relief of rheumatic pain and the removal of cellulite. Oyster is a source of seafood popular among the local hospitality industry. Served with caviar and champagne,

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it is one of the world's ultimate luxury foods appealing to gourmets with its succulent and delicate flavor. It thus appears to have the greatest potential for commercial culture. Even though the national and international market has shown demand for marine products in Zanzibar, it is still challenging to survive in the competitive modern fishing industry. The government ought to restore the business by encouraging aquaculture.

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recreation and shipping. First, it could utilize modern fish farming technology to supply more high quality marine products. Tourism is an effective stimulus to boost its sales and with better shipping capability, more products can be delivered abroad.

07:07
That is the end of section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

07:44
That is the end of the listening test.

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